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A new concept has been introduced in the Company's Act 2013, about the One Person Company (OPC). In a Private Company, a minimum of 1 Director is required whereas in a Public Company, a minimum of 3 Directors and a minimum of 7 members. A single person could not incorporate a Company previously.
One Person Company (OPC) is a company incorporated by a single person. Before the enforcement of the Companies Act, 2013, a single person could not establish a company. If an individual wanted to establish his business, he/she could opt only for a sole proprietorship as there had to be a minimum of two directors and two members to establish a company.
As per Section 2(62) of the Company's Act 2013, a company can be formed with just 1 Director and 1 member. It is a form of a company where the compliance requirements are lesser than that of a private company.
The Companies Act, 2013 provides that an individual can form a company with one single member and one director. The director and member can be the same person. Thus, one person company means one individual who may be a resident or NRI can incorporate his/her business that has the features of a company and the benefits of a sole proprietorship.
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The directors' personal property is always safe in a private limited company, no matter the debts of the business.
Sole Proprietorships come to an end with the death of the proprietor. As an OPC company has a separate legal identity, it would pass on to the nominee director and, therefore, continue to exist.
As an OPC needs to have its books audited annually, it has greater credibility among vendors and lending institutions.
Listed below are the documents required for the One Person Company Registration process.
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Only a natural person who is an Indian citizen and resident in India shall be eligible to act as a member and nominee of an OPC. For the above purpose, the term “resident in India” means a person who has stayed in India for a period of not less than one hundred and eighty-two days during the immediately preceding one financial year.
No, a person can be a member in only one OPC.
There is no specific tax advantage to an OPC over any other form of company. The tax rate is flat 30%, other tax provisions like MAT & Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT) apply as they apply to any other form of company.
The registration of a partnership firm in India can take up to 7 to 15 working days. However, the time taken to issue a certificate of incorporation may vary as per the regulations of the concerned state. The registration of a partnership firm is subject to government processing time which varies for each state.
No, the compulsory conversion of OPC upon meeting the criteria of exceeding the minimum paid-up capital and average annual turnover was removed in the Companies (Incorporation) Second Amendment Rules, 2021. Thus, currently, an OPC need not convert into either a private or public company upon an increase in its paid-up capital and average annual turnover.
A minor, a foreign citizen, a Non-Resident, and any person incapacitated by contract will not be eligible to become a member.
An OPC can be converted voluntarily into a private limited company by passing a special resolution after increasing the minimum number of members and directors to two. No Objection Certificate (NOC) in written form from the creditors must be obtained for the conversion of OPC to a private limited company.
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